Time series analysis

Time series analysis Free Online Research Papers We are pleased to submit the following report on the â€Å"Time Series Analysis†. By completing the report, we have got acquainted importance and relevance of time series on business application. We also perceived idea on the whole process of Time Series Analysis. We acquired knowledge about the method of measuring trend, growth rate, acceleration rate etc. In spite of limitation of time opportunity we have tried our level best to complete the report. We are pleased to provide you with this report with necessary analysis, references and we shall be available for any clarification, if required. Thank you for assigning us in this study. On behalf of the group Md. Arif Hasan ID: 12-150 Table of Contents Serial No Topic Page No 1 Letter of Transmittal 1 2 Rationale of the study 2 3 Objectives of the report 3 4 Methodology of the report 3 5 What is Time Series 4 6 Uses of Time Series in Business 5 7 Components of a Time Series 5 8 Classical Time Series Model 9 9 Methods of trend measurement 9 10 Least squares method 10 11 The Growth Rate 14 12 The Acceleration Rate 15 13 Rule of 72 16 14 Bibliography 17 Rationale of the study Having been assigned to prepare a report on Time Series Analysis we are submitting the term paper based on our findings and understandings. Time series analysis has vast application and is of huge importance in the field of Business and Economics as well as in decision making thereof. Calculating secular trend we can know whether unit sales or revenues of a particular Business organization are increasing, decreasing or remaining constant over time. Cyclical variation affords us to track the rise and fall of a time series over a longer period of time. It helps us to realize the different stages the organization is going through over time such as prosperity, depression, recession, recovery etc. Seasonal variation helps us to clarify in which particular period of time within a year the Business is making good sales or decreasing sales. Using last square method we can derive a trend equation which dictates us at what particular amount the Business is increasing or decreasing its sales over time. Calculation of Growth Rate makes us understand at what percentage the Business sales are increasing or decreasing over time and Acceleration Rate lets us know whether the Growth Rate will increase or decrease at an increasing or decreasing rate in the successive years. In our report, we have identified described all the components and elements of Time Series Analysis, The Classical Time Series Model, and different methods of measuring trend, application of the Least Square Method and process to calculate growth rate and acceleration rate and their effect on the business thereof. Necessary graphs and charts have also been attached with an exclusive interpretation of the Rule of 72 in the final part of the report. Objectives of the Report ? Defining the Time Series Analysis. ? Distinguishing between Time Series Data and Cross-section Data. ? Identifying the elements of Time Series Analysis. ? Developing the Classical Time Series Model. ? Describing the various components of Time Series Analysis. ? Erecting graphical figures for the components of the Time Series Analysis. ? Identifying different methods of measuring Trend. ? Applying the Least Square Method in practical problems. ? Calculating Growth Rate and Acceleration Rate and describing their effect. ? Describing the Rule of 72 and its application in Growth Rate. Methodology of the Report Being permitted we are submitting this report on Time Series Analysis. Due to time and fund constraints we could not collect primary data, so we prepared this report based on secondary data. Resultantly our report completely relies in hypothetical data rather than experimental data. We created a hypothetical business situation that exactly coincides with the real business situation. Time Series: The most popular method of business forecasting is time series analysis. A time series is a collection of observations of well-defined data items obtained through repeated measurements over a period of time- weekly, monthly, quarterly, or yearly. For example, measuring the value of retail sales each month of the year would comprise a time series. This is because sales revenue is well defined, and consistently measured at equally spaced intervals. Data collected irregularly or only once are not time series. Distinguish between Trend and Growth rate: 1. Trend indicates the changes of a variable over a period of time in absolute term i.e., in original unit of measurement (Tk. US $, Kg, etc.) 2. Growth rate indicates the changes in a variable over a period of time in relative term i.e., in % (percentage). 3. If two or more variables are given or expressed in different units of measurements, their changes over a period of time are not comparable using the trend but the changes are comparable using growth rate. 4. In calculating the trend all the figures of a time series are taken into account, while in estimating the growth rate, the figures of base and current periods are considered. Difference between time series data and cross section data: Time Series Data Cross Section Data Data collected arranged on the basis of time are known as time series data. Data on different items given for a specific time period are known as cross-section data. Example Year Profit Beximco Textile (crore tk) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 12 15 17 19 20 22 Example Company (Textile) Profit in 2007 (crore tk) Beximco Textile Square Textile Dandy AllTex Ashraf Textile 22 24 19 17 15 Uses of Time Series in Business Decision-Making: Various uses of time series in Business Decision-Making are follows:- ? To understand future behaviour: Time series analysis is helpful in predicting the future behaviour. By observing data over a period of time, one can easily understand what changes have taken place in the past what will be in future. ? Planning of future operations: Time series analysis is helpful in planning future operations. The greatest potential of a time series lies in predicting an unknown value of the series. For capital investment decisions, decisions regarding production and inventory etc are example of planning future operations. ? Evaluations of current activities: The actual performance can be compared with the expected performance and the cause of variation analyzed. For example, if expected sales for 2007 were 15 lacs T-shirts and the actual sales were only 14 lacs; one can investigate the cause in the shortfall in achievement. ? It facilitates comparison: Various time series are often compared and important decisions are taken. One statistician can not forecast 100 percent accuracy of future events. It is needed to compare different time series in the same topic. Components of a Time Series: The four basic types of variations which account for the changes in the series over a period of time. The four types of patterns, variations or movements are called components or elements of time series. The four components are 1. Secular Trend 2. Seasonal Variation 3. Cyclical Variation 4. Irregular Variation Secular Trend: Secular trend means the smooth, regular, long-term movement of the data. Among four components trend is the most important and influential. The long term trends of sales, employment, stock prices, and other business and economic series follow various patterns. Some move steadily upward, others decline, and still others stay the same over time. For example, the secular trend of the number of employees in Home Depot (from 1993 to 2002) is shown below. How to identify trend: Sudden and irregular movements either in upward or in downward direction will not be known as trend. Classification of trends: Various types of trends are divided under two heads. ? Linear or Straight Line Trends: The linear trend indicates that the increase or decrease of a time series at constant amount. It is the simplest form in describing the trend movement. ? Non Linear Trends: The non-linear trend indicates that a time series may have faster (or slower) increase at early stage and have a slower (or faster increase at more recent times). Seasonal Variation: Seasonal variations are those periodic movements in business activity which occur regularly every year. These variations tend to repeat themselves each year. Almost all businesses tend to have frequent seasonal patterns. For example men’s and boy’s clothing has extremely high sales just prior to Christmas and relatively low sales after Christmas and during the summer. How to identify seasonal variation: ? If the data are given on yearly basis there will be no seasonal basis. ? If the data are given on daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly or half-yearly basis then there might be existence of the influence of the seasonal variation. Factors affecting seasonal variation: The factors that cause seasonal variations are: ? Climate and weather conditions: The most important factor causing seasonal variation in the climate and weather conditions such as rainfall, humidity, heat etc. act on different product and industries differently. For example during the winter there is great demand for woolen cloths, whereas in summer cotton clothes have greater sales. ? Customs, traditions habits: Though climate and weather are primarily responsible seasonal variations in time series, customs, traditions and habits also have their impact. For example on certain occasions like Eid, Puja the bank withdrawals go up because people want money for shopping and gifts etc. Cyclical Variation: The rise and fall of a time series over periods longer than one year. Most of the time series relating economics and business show some kind of cyclical variation. A business cycle consists of four well defined periods or phases, namely prosperity, decline, depression and improvement. For example, the annual unit sale of batteries sold by National Battery from 1984 to 2003 is shown below in the cyclical nature of business. Irregular Variation: Irregular variations refer to such variations in business activity which does not repeat in a definite pattern. Irregular variations are caused by special occurrences like flood, earthquakes, strikes and wars etc. Irregular variations can not be projected into the future. Classification of Irregular Variation: Sometimes irregular variations are subdivided into episodic and residual variations. ? Episodic Variation: Episodic fluctuations are unpredictable, but they can be identified. The initial impact on the economy of a major strike or a war can be identified, but a strike or can not predicted. ? Residual Variation: After the episodic fluctuations have been removed, the remaining variation is called the residual variation. The residual fluctuations are often called chance fluctuations. These are unpredictable and can not be identified. Classical Time Series Model: The model which states that all the components of a time series are in a relationship of multiplicative in nature is known as â€Å"Classical Time Series Model†. Mathematically the model can be written as- Y = T x S x (C x I) Here, Y = Value of the variable or result of the four elements T = Trend S = Seasonal Variation C = Cyclical Variation I = Irregular Variation Methods of trend measurement: Several methods are used in measuring Trend. Some measures the average of the trend and some measures the absolute value. Here we have listed five main methods for measuring the Trend of the Time Series. ? Linear trend measurement 1. The freehand or Graphic method 2. The Semi-average method 3. The Least Squares method ? Non-linear trend measurement 1. The freehand or Graphic method 2. Moving average method Figure: Five methods of measuring Trend Least squares method: The method where time is the independent variable and the value of the time series is the dependent variable is known as the Least Square Method. Here, an equation is developed to estimate future values. It is done by the least square technique. Many researchers suggest that we should not project the future values more than n/2 time periods (where n= number of data points) into the future. Moreover, others suggest the forecast may be for no longer than 2 years, especially in rapidly changing economic times. Here I. (Y YC) = 0 The sum of deviations of the actual values of Y and the computed values of Y is zero. II. (Y YC)2 is the least The sum of the squares of the deviations of the actual and computed values is least from this line. That is why this method is called the method of least squares. The linear trend is represented by the equation Yc = a + bx In spite of these suggestions, the Least Square Method is a very popular and important method for forecasting the future because it finds the best linear relationship between two variables. Besides, it measures the absolute value of the trend. We have also arranged our report on this Least Square Method. For this purpose we have used both the theory and their applications. We have collected the secondary data from a departmental store named Super Value Shop and calculate the data for application purpose. Here the collected data has been presented, Super Value Shop, the agent of Proctor Gamble Bangladesh Ltd. in Dhanmondi, has experienced the following sales revenues in the past 7 years Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sale(lac Tk.) 6 11 19 22 30 35 39 42 45 50 From the data at first we will develop an equation with the least square techniques. The Equation: The equation is- Ye = a + bt Where, Y = dependent variable of the time series a = constant b = trend (slope) t = time period This method is a direct method where- à ¥Y = an + bà ¥t à ¥Yt = aà ¥t + bà ¥t2 Here, a = and b = Now, by using the data of the Super Value Shop we will calculate the equation. For to do so we have to find out the a and b. Year Sales (lac Tk.)y t yt 1998 6 1 6 1 1999 11 2 22 4 2000 19 3 57 9 2001 22 4 88 16 2002 30 5 150 25 2003 35 6 210 36 2004 39 7 273 49 2005 42 8 336 64 2006 45 9 405 81 2007 50 10 500 100 n = 10 299 55 2047 385 So b = a = = = = 3.06 = 4.88 b (Trend) indicates the average amount of change in the variable y due to a unit change in the time period(t). So the equation is – Y = 3.06 + 4.88t This Trend Equation indicates that during the period of 1998 to 2007 sales of the Super Value Shop increased because as an average amount of Tk. 5.679 lac per year. Now by using this trend equation we can forecast the sale of the Super Value Shop. Suppose, we want to forecast the sale of 2010. Y2010 = 3.06 + 4.88 *13 = 66.5 So if the above trend equation holds to until 2010 (if the present trend continues) the sales of the Super Value Shop will stand at Tk. 66.5 lac. The Growth Rate (GR): The rate which indicates the increase of the dependent variable of the time series(Y) within the considering period is known as Growth Rate. For example, the Growth Rate of the Super Value Shop indicates the increase of the rate of sales during the period of 1998 to 2007. Shortly it is noted as GR. GR = Here, n = Total number of Years Yn = Sale of the nth year Y1 = Sale of the 1st year Now by using the data we can find out the increase (GR) of sales of the Super Value Shop. GR = = = 26.56% This GR = 26.56% indicates that during the period of 1998 to 2007 sales of the Super Value Shop increased at an average rate of 26.56% per year. The Acceleration Rate (AR): The rate which indicates how much the growth rate will be decreasing in the years to come or the following (future) years is known as the Acceleration Rate. For example, if the GR = 20% then how much (increased or decreased) it will remain in the following years. Shortly it is noted as AR. AR = Here, Y1 = Sale of 1st year Y2 = Sale of 2nd year Yn = Sale of nth year Yn-1 = Sale of the previous year of nth year Now by using the data we can find out the change (increase or decrease) of GR of the Super Value Shop. AR = = = 6.07% This AR = 6.07% indicates that in the years to come (in future) growth rate of the Super Value Shop will be decreasing at an average rate of 6.07% compared to that of the previous year’s growth rate. So, if the current year GR = 100% (26.56%) then the next year GR = 93.93% (24.95%) of the previous year’s growth rate. This will be continuing until the AR is not changed. Rule of 72: The rule which estimates how much time the current growth rate will take to make the sales doubled is known as the Rule of 72. It is calculated by 72/GR. It is an important rule in case of forecasting or estimating the future. Here we have used a few words to make it clear. If the GR = 1% then it will take 72 years to be doubled. If the GR = 72% then it will take 1 year to be doubled. If the GR = 26.56% then it will take 2.71 year to be doubled. Bibliography: Statistical Techniques in Business Economics -by Lind, Marchal, Wathen Business Statistics –by Gupta Gupta www.mhhe.com The lectures of our honorable course teacher. 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Leadership traits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leadership traits - Essay Example This trait enables leaders to stand boldly with policies and vision set for a successful organization. Thirdly, determination is the aspect of being firm for a purpose. Determination makes a leader focus in enhancing the growth of organization through profound management skills. It enables leaders to have appropriate decision that brings worth to the organization. Fourthly, integrity is abiding to ethical or moral principles. A leader should base actions upon a solid framework of moral and ethical principles. Lastly, sociability is the aspect or act of being friendly. A leader should be friendly to his followers to create a friendly environment whereby people work towards a common goal. This list is not all-inclusive as leadership traits are associated with many endless traits. Other traits of effective leaders include emotional intelligence, which is being well-adjusted to deal with situations, should be tough mindedness by being logical and practical towards achieving goals, and compulsiveness by being protective of their reputation and integrity for an abundant foresight. The list is endless as there are many traits associated with

About me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

About me - Essay Example I graduated with a Bachelors of Arts Degree in English Language from Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria more than two years ago and have been teaching the subject in secondary schools since then. Right from my time in the university, I have nursed the idea to promote and sustain Yoruba language and culture within the shores of Nigeria. No wonder, therefore, that one of my research projects in the university was â€Å"Word Creation Processes In English: A Case Study Of Affixation, Blending And Compounding Involving English And Yoruba Words†. However, the society seems to be having a different perspective; English appears to have a clear cut preference over the Nigerian languages which are labeled ‘vernacular’. Although there are a few who share my school of thoughts, the general societal belief system is non-accommodative, thus the desire to look beyond my society. The ideas I have nurtured passionately for years collapses well into the Fulbright FLTA Program; a program that will not only open up the avenues of refining my English language proficiency and teaching skills, but also power on the opportunity to exchange cultural values with foreign individuals. Interestingly, I have always imagined how exciting it would be to actualize my dream of sharing my cultural roots with total strangers. I liken such to a possible scenario of two young lovers; a perfect avenue to burn passion and express emotions. I remember with nostalgia the days in University seeing foreigners [Europeans or maybe Americans] struggle to study the Yoruba language and culture, yet missed opportunities to have a tete-a-tete with them. Nonetheless, that was then, with a totally different objective to accomplish; obtaini ng a first degree. The opportunity presented in this particular program will be perfect as much. Teaching English language may be very interesting, nothing would be more fulfilling than seeing people [foreigners] appreciate the Yoruba culture and

Everyday Hero Essay Example for Free

Everyday Hero Essay When I think of the word hero, I think of the countless Spiderman figures lying at the bottom of my brother’s toy chest, or even Prince Charming rescuing Sleeping Beauty from her seemingly endless slumber. However, what usually does not come to mind, are the true real life heroes that I believe posses higher superpowers than the Incredibles ever could. Though they do not have the ability to fly or read minds, one way or another, these people have helped someone in a tough situation. A true hero can be anyone from the firefighters at the station to your older sister living in the room next door. They may have helped to save your life, or merely helped you get through your math homework last night. Whatever the case, one quality that all true heroes must possess is the ability to be an example of goodwill in the world. A hero will help someone because they want to, not because they have to. Though they are not perfect, no one is, a hero will continue to put others first when they know that it is most important to do so. Three years ago, my mother was diagnosed with breast cancer. The news came as an utter shock to everyone, considering the fact that she was one of the healthiest and most active members of my family. She played tennis and practiced yoga at least four times a week; always ate healthy and organic foods, and on top of all this, there was barely any history of breast cancer on our family tree! Though her case was not as bad as others, it still required her to undergo weeks of arduous chemotherapy and radiation. Through her darker days, she herself would be the one to calm me down and reassure me that everything would be okay. The night before my mother’s surgery, I started to cry, scared and frustrated with what was happening around me. Though she was also frightened and anxious, my mother was the one to comfort me and explain that a plastic surgeon did not actually turn people into plastic, as I had imagined. Even during her most bleak and miserable moments, she put everything aside and reached out to help me deal with her pain. For this, she is my hero. No, she is not Superwoman, or a firefighter,  or even your everyday do-gooder; but she’s my mom, and that is good enough for me. This just goes to show that a seemingly ordinary woman can be a hero to someone in her own way. Heroes are everyday characters, and if you look hard enough you will find the hero in your own life. This I believe.

Mr. Duffy :: essays research papers

In life people are be alone by choice, no matter if it was flat out what the wanted or alone due to some kind of forced circumstance that grew out of a previous choice they made, but when it comes down to it loneliness is never truly desired. In the short stories A Painful Case and Eveline we see examples of each type of loneliness. In A Painful Case Mr. Duffy for the most part of his life chooses to be alone. In Eveline, Eveline seems to be lonely because she’s unable to leave her duties to her family. In both stories the main characters display their desire to have someone near but when they’re finally given the chance it’s inevitably taken away from them, and then they’re driven back into the entrapment of loneliness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout Mr. Duffy’s life he has never found a satisfactory choice with anything, which explains why he sticks to a simple, plain, and routine life. He also never gave much thought to his own feelings or wrote them down most likely to assert his decision of being alone, so he wouldn’t start to rethink his decisions. But when he met Mrs. Sinico, they’re intimate discussions slowly led him into breaking down that wall that kept out all people from getting close to him. He was starting to unconsciously enjoy the company of an intimate friendship, but he couldn’t let it last for long so he pushed her away. For the longest time he didn’t realize that he missed that company until he was informed of her suicide. As he walked around the city listening for her voice to come and comfort him in his moment of shame and sorrow he finally understood for the first time in his life that he didn’t want to be alone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eveline has always felt lonely ever since her mother’s death but especially now when there is nothing more she can do with her life but find someone to take her away and love her. Eveline’s desire for a better life seems like it may come true when she meets Frank who she thinks will take her away to Buenos Aires. When her chance comes along for her to leave with Frank she too pushes her chance away. She thinks that she no longer deserves a better life other than fulfilling her duties to her family and chooses to be alone for eternity. Mr. Duffy :: essays research papers In life people are be alone by choice, no matter if it was flat out what the wanted or alone due to some kind of forced circumstance that grew out of a previous choice they made, but when it comes down to it loneliness is never truly desired. In the short stories A Painful Case and Eveline we see examples of each type of loneliness. In A Painful Case Mr. Duffy for the most part of his life chooses to be alone. In Eveline, Eveline seems to be lonely because she’s unable to leave her duties to her family. In both stories the main characters display their desire to have someone near but when they’re finally given the chance it’s inevitably taken away from them, and then they’re driven back into the entrapment of loneliness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout Mr. Duffy’s life he has never found a satisfactory choice with anything, which explains why he sticks to a simple, plain, and routine life. He also never gave much thought to his own feelings or wrote them down most likely to assert his decision of being alone, so he wouldn’t start to rethink his decisions. But when he met Mrs. Sinico, they’re intimate discussions slowly led him into breaking down that wall that kept out all people from getting close to him. He was starting to unconsciously enjoy the company of an intimate friendship, but he couldn’t let it last for long so he pushed her away. For the longest time he didn’t realize that he missed that company until he was informed of her suicide. As he walked around the city listening for her voice to come and comfort him in his moment of shame and sorrow he finally understood for the first time in his life that he didn’t want to be alone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eveline has always felt lonely ever since her mother’s death but especially now when there is nothing more she can do with her life but find someone to take her away and love her. Eveline’s desire for a better life seems like it may come true when she meets Frank who she thinks will take her away to Buenos Aires. When her chance comes along for her to leave with Frank she too pushes her chance away. She thinks that she no longer deserves a better life other than fulfilling her duties to her family and chooses to be alone for eternity.

Democratic Education Essay

Democratic Education should be a mainstream style of teaching, and should be taught specifically to anyone aspiring to become any type of successful instructor. Everywhere you go the world is constantly changing, people adapt, time ticks away, and the days come and go, every waking moment is progression to the future. Why is the one thing that we as a society depend on for survival going backwards? Our education system and the way we educate children is the only tool we as a society use to ensure our existence, think of the world as a well oiled machine. If you neglect certain parts, yes maybe it will keep working for a short while. Eventually the machine will fall apart because of the mistreating and lack of or poor maintenance, if we keep neglecting our education system by turning a blind eye to the type of educators we give teaching credentials to or the way our current teachers or professors are instruction our future, then our existence is headed for an abrupt halt. Schools need to embrace interesting, interactive-learning environments throughout the curriculum. â€Å"If you do not want to do something, you will not, period.† This thought means if someone is in a place that does not at least entertain the senses, let alone stimulate the mind then why even waste the time to just be physically be present? By doing that it wastes money, and more importantly the teacher and the students time. Democratic education as a teaching style is based on â€Å"affirmative authority without disrespect of freedom†; Democratic Education, by bell hooks. Authoritative guidance with inspiring, limitless, encouragement should be the goal of every type of educational course offered in the United States. We need to input this style of teaching into our aspiring teachers required classes to graduate at any institution or university across the country. We need democratic education because this type of teaching inspires the students, just because someone passes a test or any kind of written exam does not determine someones intelligence. The definition of the term intelligence, according to www.google.com, means the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. This applies to institutions and their instructors because if a pupil is not taught how to apply these skills he or she has been taught how does this apply to the fast-pace times that we live in today? The answer is, it does not. Democratic education benefits the entire classroom rather than just a select few because of the more upbeat style of teaching. The beauty of democratic education is that it can also be incorporated with the old style of a more text-geared curriculum as well. It has the potential to improve teaching as a profession because it would lengthen the required courses to become a teacher, therefore narrowing the number of instructors produced. With that being said, the teaching salaries can improve because of the new demand for this productive style of teaching that K-12 schools would require the employed instructors to have completed during their college career(s). Our future generations upbringing needs to be updated according to the new age that we live in today. Democratic education needs to be a mainstream style of teaching, not for our benefit, but for the future of the precious world that you and I share. This is not a type of thing to be organized and implemented to help certain individuals succeed but for everyone, we need to teach our children that as a country we are a collective, and as individuals we are our own. Democratic education be used as another tool to help us educate the country and create a more successful tomorrow.

Short Story - 1475 Words

The now silent, smoking flats reeked of death. At the top of the plateau, Indrid Cole’s recent home was being invaded. Once again, there would be no more Capital of Men and, most likely, no more King. â€Å"General!† Melborne shouted from the tree line. Indrid was glad to hear his voice. The medical officer had survived. He laughed at the fact that a man with no combat training had survived the bloodbath. Indrid lay there out of breath, bleeding from his head, ears, and lips. â€Å"What do we do now?† Melborne asked. Indrid looked at the men standing around him who were waiting for his response. They were all tired, bloody, dirty, and clearly beaten; some much worse than others. There was only him and almost two dozen soldiers†¦show more content†¦He felt embarrassed, but he had to ask, â€Å"Which way?† â€Å"Of course, my Lord. It’s that way!† the man pointed. Indrid could see the Graleon Mountain from the shore. The kingdom sat wi thin a valley that led to the castle tucked away in the crevice where two mountains met. â€Å"I remember,† he said. â€Å"Do you need horses, my Lord?† the man asked. â€Å"No. We will be traveling by foot from here. Thank you,† said Indrid. He agreed to lead his men through lands he’d never traveled. When he’d lived at Grale as a child, he was only exposed to the city within the mountain—the castle. After surviving his encounter with deadly magic, he felt brave enough to lead. Indrid and his men scurried through the outskirts of the Graleon Kingdom, undulating fields of high grass where nobody would notice them maneuver about. After making their way through the brush, the towering doors of the mountain were before them. An old man with one eye approached, â€Å"My Lord,† he said, bowing. This man also recognized him. But he scowled at the rest of the soldiers. Indrid stared at the giant stone doors that suddenly began to roll open. They had to be at least fifty feet tall, fifteen feet wide, and ten feet thick. Things had changed since he’d left years ago. He didn’t remember ever entering the castle this way. Everything had been rebuilt after the fires more than ten years ago whenShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. 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Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events